The Napoleonic Era Essays - French Revolution, Napoleon,

The Napoleonic Era Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant man who was regarded as a person who was responsible for many historic events that would reshape France and Europe during the late 18th and early 19th century. He has been portrayed as a merciless leader, fearing little that stood in his way. Napoleon led his army in this fashion for nearly 20 years, literally changing the face of Europe and of his people. Around 1814, however, Napoleon's reign was to cease; Napoleon's empire began to collapse leading to his eventual exile from France. This essay will evaluate Napoleon's supremacy and significant fall as the great leader of France, focusing on Napoleon as a person and great military leader, and the changes he brought to France. Napoleon Bonaparte was born into a minor noble family on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio on the Mediterranean Island of Corsica. He was the son of a lawyer, and was sent to French military school at the age of nine. As he grew, he developed an appreciation towards England's establishment. Laws limited England's monarchy, and Napoleon felt that France could benefit from similar rules, perhaps by establishing by what we know as of today as a democracy. His ideas will play a significant role as the young Napoleon matures into a leader. He finished his training and joined the French army when he was only 16 years old, shortly before the passing of his father. When the Revolution occurred in 1789, Napoleon was 20 years old. Although Napoleon was born to nobility, he supported the Revolution; he joined the Society of Friends of the Constitution, and supported the idea of a new government wholeheartedly. After the French monarchy was overthrown on August 10, 1792, a determined Napoleon quickly p rogressed through the ranks becoming a recognized officer under King Louis XVI. In 1792 Napoleon was promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1793 he was assigned to help fight off the English at a port called Toulon. He seized ground where he could get his guns in range of the British ships. Soon after that Toulon fell and Napoleon was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. As the new General, during 1796-1797, Napoleon led his army to deal with some troubles with Austria. With an cavalcade of roughly 44,000 troops, he defeated forces far outnumbering his army, won a dozen major battles, killed, wounded or took prisoner of thousands of Austrians, and captured flags and cannons. He liberated many people from various sorts of oppression (incompetent kings, or foreign rule, mostly Austrian) and helped them to establish democratic governments, including writing their Constitution; one of the states which he formed was called the Cisalpine Republic, which would become modern day Italy. Napoleon also freed Genoa, which became the Ligurian Republic. Napoleon's abilities as a leader had really become evident to the French people and Napoleon knew it as well. The power vested in Napoleon was very attractive to him, providing self-confidence and an arrogance that would propel him for many years. In 1802 Napoleon was elected First Consul for life by vote. He was to be the first consul for 10 years. Also in 1802, it began to be suggested by the French people that Napoleon should be Emperor, with the power therefore passed on to his line. A plebiscite vote on this again was overwhelmingly in Napoleon's favor, 3.5 million for, fewer than 1,600 against. Thus Napoleon crowned himself Emperor, not by force rather by popular demand, December 2, 1804. France was now an empire. A victory like this demonstrates the faith his people had in him as a military leader and a person who could lead France and into the coming years. Neighboring countries were beginning to not like what they were witnessing. A new alliance had started against France in 1805 with Austria, Russia, and Sweden but later that year Napoleon defeated the Austrian and Russian armies at Austerlitz in Austria. In 1806, Prussia joined Russia in a new coalition, but once more, Napoleon's forces crushed the Prussian army at Jena and Auerstedt and in June 1807, Napoleon overwhelmed Russian armies at Friedland. Also, in 1809, he defeated the Austrians again at Wagram. Napoleon was unstoppable.

The Theme of Attachment in the Shawshank Redemption Society Essays

The Theme of Attachment in the Shawshank Redemption Society Essays The Theme of Attachment in the Shawshank Redemption Society Paper The Theme of Attachment in the Shawshank Redemption Society Paper Essay Topic: The Shawshank Redemption Formal Writing-What organizations face a lack of attachment to wider society? What is lacking attachment? Lacking attachment is not having a link to something. Be it a material object or objects, or human life. In my opinion, one of the most severe issues illustrated in the Shawshank Redemption, a film directed by Frank Darabont, is the lack of attachment that the prisoners have to the outside world. I will be addressing the issue that this theme presents in The Shaw shank Redemption, as well as in a New Zealand and global setting. The New Zealand setting I will be addressing are rest homes, and the global setting are prisons housing prisoners of war. During the course of the film, ‘The Shawshank Redemption’, there are no references of any kind of visitors or parcels for the prisoners from the ‘outside’. This proves that the prisoners have little knowledge of what is going on outside the prison walls. Although the prisoners have little luxuries from the outside on the count of Red’s ability to â€Å"locate certain things from time to time†, it is evident that they have very little. An example is the theater room. Andy has already seen the movie showing four times, which might show the fact that they have little variance? Brooks shows this theme powerfully after he leaves on parole. Brooks walks out the prison gates staring out at the world outside the grey walls he has seen for the last 40 years of his life. Brooks sits in the bus holding on for what seems like dear life on the railing on the seat in front of him, probably indicating his need to hold on to something solid now that he is on his own. In his letter to the â€Å"fellas†, Brooks talks about how he saw an â€Å"automobile once†, when he â€Å"was a kid†, but now, he remarks, â€Å"they’re everywhere†. This quote shows his obvious ignorance to the progress of the world. Brooks sums up the issue cleanly with the quote â€Å"the world went and got itself in a big hurry†. This aspect of Brooks’ journey shows that he recognizes the fact that everything has surpassed him; he can’t keep up alone on the outside. There are several moments in the film when the severity of this issue is revealed beneath the surface. For example, he is surprised when Andy speculates on what is possible through mail; setting up a social security number and license card amongst other things. The evident lack of connection to the outside world is obviously present. Brooks is the most obvious character who illustrates this. I also believe that although Red does know a lot, there are still things on the outside that surpass him. I personally doubt that prisoners of our day and time experience the same issues that the men of Shawshank Prison. Today, prisoners have visiting hours, packages from family and friends, and are lightly given parole and/or home detention. As well as this, the media has published several times information on ‘luxuries’ that men inside prison now have; widescreen televisions, heated flooring, and the ability to earn money while on the ‘inside’. This is a strong opposite of Shawshank Prison. Of all atrocities shown in the film, one of the most appalling is the maggot the Andy finds in his first breakfast. This is denying a man of his most basic need; edible food. Prisoners today have three meals a day. As well as this, they can receive food parcels from home, which reinforces the theme of attachment to society. In my opinion, the people in New Zealand today who probably face the issue of disattachment most are those who live in rest homes. Although rest homes are a stark difference to prisons, they face a similar disattachment. Patients of rest homes live in partial isolation in rooms or apartments. They have the right to feel ‘abandoned’ as those who cared for them now have no time for them, and have left them alone. The existence of rest homes may not be so harsh, but the inhabitants most probably feel this way. However, an example that shows off the ‘harshness’ of rest homes is the case of the ‘Gagging Rest home’ where a resident of a rest home was gagged by an employee for ‘making too much noise’. I do not personally know anyone who lives in a rest home, but those who have parents in rest homes speak of how their mothers or fathers despise being there. On a global scale, I support prisoners once again. But this time, prisoners of war, who are detained as a result of a war. Prisoners are obvious advocates for those who have no attachment to society. Prisoners of war however, are more extreme. They are imprisoned in a country that they are not originally from, because they were fighting in a war most probably for their nation’s freedom. There are obvious hardships for prisoners of war; language barriers, and clashes of cultures and traditions. There are even rumors of torture, mistreatment and execution. A prime example of a P. O. W amp is Guantanomo Bay the USA’s controversial prison for prisoners of war and suspected terrorists. There have been numerous reports over the abuse and beatings of inmates in the prison. The theme, a lack of attachment, is evident with prisoners of war because they are isolated from their countries; their families, friends, homes, jobs, just about everything. And while they are imprisoned fo r years and often traded as items used in discussing treaties, they are held in places completely alien to them, where they can’t connect with anything. When nations decide to end their wars, prisoners of war are exchanged in accordance to treaties. This is regularly done in conflict hotspots like in Lebanon and Israel. Most, if not all people, have a distinguished connection or attachment to society and people. Humans need social connection in order to progress, to live. When they are denied of this, they lose their sense of life; they grow alone, until they can’t live within society anymore. Brooks showed this very well. I believe that The Shawshank Redemption projected this theme extremely well. Red’s quotes about ‘institutionalism’ and ‘relying on these walls† are even better indicators of the severed connections with society. Those living in rest homes should also feel that sense of dies attachment. Having lived over 50 years of their lives integrated in society, living alone within a schedule of strict timetables is basically taking the life they had before. The same principles are present in prisons housing prisoners of war. In some sense, they can feel like Andy did, imprisoned for unjustified means. In my opinion, I believe that being separated from society can be damaging to a person’s psyche. I am not supporting criminals or prisoners, but I think the standards presented in The Shawshank Redemption aim to make the audience feel empathetic. The director, Frank Darabont, said himself that â€Å"if you don’t feel fro Brooks, then you don’t have a heart†. What if you were to be kept in a room, to be let out only to eat, or to use the bathroom? Imagine living in a world where your every move is timetabled. How would you survive? Living this way leads to changes in people, they do things that they would not do on the ‘outside’. There are people such as Bogs Diamond, who become savage, and turn to homosexuality, or gentler souls, like the ‘gagging rest home’ victim who complained. No human should be denied regular connection with the world.

Business Ethics issues involved in insider trading Essay

Business Ethics issues involved in insider trading - Essay Example company leaking information to outsiders on the deals and handshakes taking place inside the firm and with the firm and parties outside the firm. If insider trading is prevalent, why must we consider the ethical aspects of insider trading? According to Joseph Des Jardins, â€Å"unlike some business disciplines, there is no single answers in ethics, no single body of information, nor even a single framework for thinking about ethics† (9). ... It will make business ethics beyond definition thereby depriving businessmen of a tool with which to marshal their companies along line that will promote profitability and business sustainability. Businessmen are neither philosophers nor academics although they have to study philosophy and the academic sides of a business. They are not individuals who muse by the hour and become contented and fulfilled with their musings. They are not philosophers who simply reflect on life and derive satisfaction the longer the hours they spend on reflection. Businessmen are not academics out to grasp theories and advance knowledge: businessmen thirst for knowledge just like academics but they are principally users of knowledge. Businessmen may advance knowledge as they advance their business in the same way that computer, internet, and information technologies have advanced as a result of business activity. However, advancing knowledge is not the businessman’s objective but making a profit. Of course, businessmen derive satisfaction as his or her business grows, take a leading role in the industry, employ an increasing number of employees, become recognized in society, and becomes a power or at least influential in society as his or her business shape society’s lifestyle, and outlook in the same way that the businesses of Bill Gates transformed the lives of people in the 21st century. Businessmen are individuals out to make profit and survive in the competition of business. Therefore, the appropriate or relevant perspective on ethics is that one that should enable them to make profit, survive in the competition, survive in society, and if possible be ahead of the competition if not society as a whole. On the other hand consumers are becoming critical of

Electronic patient records (EPR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic patient records (EPR) - Essay Example It presents novel techniques of storing, controlling and conversing medical information of all kinds; those are more influential and flexible than paper base recording methods. It is the strategy of governments that seems to support a national healthcare infrastructure with a longitudinal patient record comprising a patients whole medical history from the birth to the death. At the same time, these advances increase a number of moral concerns. EPR may easily build a doctor-patient rapport through use of computerised notes, which the doctor and patient share. On the other hand, EPRs can damage the relationship and weaken faith. For instance, in the some developed countries there are medical data clearinghouses that trade medical patient information to insurance companies, police departments, employers, drug companies, and so on. As a result, patients are becoming unwilling to tell their doctors all about their medical conditions and the origin of them. Because of this doctor-patient r apport gets damaged and most crucially threatens to damage quality of care. Obviously, there is an anxiety and trade-off amid the need-to-know and the right to confidentiality that must be dealt with. Breach of medical confidentiality may seem to be easy for the reason that the competence of computerised systems. The harm to the patient whose confidentiality is dishonoured may be proportionately bigger as the quantity of information held within the EPR. But the merits comparing to the demerits are greater. The intention of this article is to trace the history of the efforts made by a Western industrialised nation to implement EPR, (b) to identify the benefits and issues arising, and (c) to reflect on the extent to which such an initiative is transferable to a developing country (Rogerson, 2000). The development in medical science is in step with the growth in various other fields, mainly the

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment 3 - Essay Example For many barriers of communication to be avoided, members ought to hold mediated meetings in order to resolve their differences and map the way forward to success. If the group faces innumerable conflicts, the first resolution should be allowing everyone to participate fully in deliberation proceedings. Leaders ought to advise members to listen to each other’s point of view on the topic under discussion. Through this, every member feels appreciated, and they work harder, towards the success of the group. Secondly, members should appreciate, be respectful and aim at creating a healthy relationship with other group members, their opinions notwithstanding. When members set up such a mood, everyone feels appreciated and respected. This boosts the morale of every member, enhancing teamwork and self-esteem (Stern, 2003). Thus, everyone feels welcome to produce viewpoints in group deliberations and discussions. This behavior results into positive success in all the activities of the group. Finally, members should propose solutions to crises, in the course of operations of the group. This method, known as brainstorming, aims at uniting them to a common bottom-line. After proposals to the solution of group issues, members should arrive at a reasonable, fair and plausible agreement. This agreement automatically benefits the entire group. The combined efforts of the members are more immense than proposals of a single member of the group. Therefore, cohesion helps to resolve many

Life Of Pi Essay English Literature Essay

Life Of Pi Essay English Literature Essay Life of Pi, written by Yann Martel, is an adventure Novel about a 16 year-old boy called Pi who , along with his family, gets shipwrecked. The theme is about struggling to survive against all odds. Only Pi and some animals survive. The book is divided into three parts: After the authors note, part 1 tells about Pis young life and his love of animals and religion. Part 2 is the main part of the book which describes the sinking of the ship which is carrying Pi, his family, the crew and some zoo animals. Pis family perish and Pi is left alone to survive with some animals. Eventually he manages to reach land. In part 3 he tells the story of his adventures but is not believed and he retells the story using humans instead of animals. The reader is left to make his own mind up regarding which is the more credible story. In Yann Martels Life of Pi, symbolism plays an important part. Throughout the story, the color orange appears many times. The color orange symbolizes survival and hope. Pi himself keeps hope when he is all alone on his lifeboat. He wants to survive no matter what happens. When the ship (Tsimtsum) sinks the Chinese crewman help him by giving Pi a lifejacket with an orange whistle; the lifeboat which was essential for his survival was also orange. In a flash forward at the end of part one before the ships sinks the narrator describes visiting adult Pi and his family at Pis home in Canada. Shes holding an orange cat in her arms. Two front legs sticking straight up and deeply sunk head are all that is visible of it above her crossed arms The rest of the cat is hanging all the way down to the floor. The animal seems quite relaxed about being stretched on the rack in this manner.(page 89) Usha (Pis daughter) holds an orange cat. This gives the reader a confirmation that Pi will survive the catastrophe. The orange cat symbolizes Richard Parker the Bengal tiger, who helps Pi to survive during his 227days at sea. The tiger, the lifeboat and the whistle (all orange) all contribute to the survival of Pi and give support during emotional difficult times. Pi explains how closely religion and zoology are aligned and he uses zoos as a symbol for religion. I know zoos are no longer in peoples good graces. Religion faces the same problem. Certain illusions about freedom plague them both.(page 29) Some people consider themselves to be free from any belief or religious system, just like others misunderstand that the wild is not free for an animal. Zoos are often critized because they take wild, noble animals from their natural habitat and put them into boring domesticated cages. Pi vehemently disagrees; he finds that animals are creatures of habit and will adjust to their new caged environment. In the zoo they have all their needs compressed into a safe environment. This is, according to Pi, heaven for animals. In the same way religion offers people boundaries within which they feel secure and safe. When Pi was desperate on his lifeboat he turned to religion. He had in fact three, Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. Pi explains: I practiced religious rituals that I adapted to the circumstances- solitary Masses without priests or consecrated Communion hosts, darshans without murtis, and pujas with turtle meat for Prasad, acts of devotion to Allah not knowing where Mecca was and getting my Arabic wrong. They brought me comfort. (page 187) When you believe in God or have faith in something you are certain of yourself. Unlike atheists who do not believe in anything which makes them uncertain, Pi embraces religion to gain certainty The quote above bears this out. Another symbol in the book is Pi which is the main character Piscines nickname. Pis full name is Piscine Molitor Patel. When he was still in primary school kids sometimes used to tease him by calling him Pissing instead of Piscine. Pi got his name from the swimming pool of Paris, Piscine des Tourelles and therefore children found Piscine hard to pronounce. My name is Piscine Molitor Patel Known to all as -I double underlined the first two letters of my given name- Pi Patel For good measure I added (Page 31) When Pi started going to secondary school he decided that to prevent people from calling him Pissing he decided to call himself Pi (see quote). The name Pi is a very unusual name and it also brings a great deal of symbolism with it. Pi is the Greek number for sixteen and Pi was sixteen when he got shipwrecked. The number Pi is used to determine the circumference of a circle with the formula: . There is also symbolism behind this because the correlation between the linear journey to Canada and the cycles of doubt and faith are experienced by Pi. The number Pi is a very complex number. In fact, it has so many decimal places that it is too difficult for human minds to accurately comprehend it, just as it says in the book that some realities/situations are just too difficult to face. Pis experiences are explained rationally by Pi. Pi uses pi () to figure out the circumference of the algae island. In brief it can be said that symbolism plays a big role in the story Life of Pi. The symbols help us to truly understand Pis fight for survival. The color orange, the animals, religion and pi are just a few examples of how symbolism is used in the story. Even though Pi changes his account of the sinking of the ship and his survival, (by substituting people for animals) the events remain consistent with his original story. Storytelling (with symbolism incorporated) helps Pi to rationalize his dramatic experience and overcome despair.

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes Essay -- essays research paper

American Treatment of the Indian Tribes The American Indian lived a life being one with nature. In their way, they understood the ecological demands of the land and knew that if they took care of the land the land would take care of them. They possessed an untouched wisdom living in harmony with the environment. They hunted the land for buffalo, which provided food and clothing for the ages to come. In time they would almost become non existent at the hands of the â€Å"white† man. They would come to lose their land, lose the buffalo and lose their self being and their way of life. Towards the end of the 1800s the Indian territories were reduced by about 95 percent. The U.S. government along with greedy white settlers was the main reason behind this loss of land. The government placed treaty upon treaty on the Native Americans and would not uphold to any of them. Some treaties were made to guarantee safety and permanent reserve for the Indians, but they were not followed through. In most cases the Indians were driven off the land by white settlers looking for gold or rich farmlands. The U. S. government broke some of the treaties by expanding through the promised lands looking for valuable minerals and making way for the expansion of the railways. The U.S. Government in seeking rights to control the land and its natural resources reverted to â€Å"legal† manipulation. In cases were they were met with resistance, the Army was called in to settle the score. The relocation of the Indians from lands east of the Mississippi River to the West represents a dark phase in American history. In the first treaties signed, there were promises of stability for the Indians. One of these sagas is known as the â€Å"Trail of Tears†. This relates to the removal of the Cherokee Indians by the U.S. Army from their native lands in North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. During the journey they were held in camps and then forced to travel over 1,000 miles during adverse weather. This trail led them to the Indian Territory, which is now Oklahoma. This was a catalyst towards the devastation of the American Indian culture... ...mises such as owning their land â€Å"as long waters run and the grass shall grow.† The Indians would have continued to live "until the end of time" if the white settlers had not intervened. The white settlers created conditions that threatened the existence of the Indians. By the late 1800s, most of the tribes had now been almost completely abolished. The Indians were either beaten into submission or succumbed to the many contagious diseases brought on by the settlers. By the start of the 1900s there were less than one quarter million Native American Indians in the country. These numbers dwindled from over half a million in the early 1880s and over five million since Columbus first set foot on these lands. Most of the Indians now were living in the small reservations. Beaten, tired and humiliated, they lived in poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment. They were now forced to live off the government as wards of the state. Once the rulers of the West they now a lost culture, having lost their identities and sense of being. Although the freedom of their ancient way of life has been lost, the religion, culture, legends, and spirit of the Native American Indian will always endure.